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Carpinus betulus

Betulaceae

(central Europe)

Habit
Medium-size tree, 5-15 (20) m tall, 4-6-8 m wide depending on whether it has several stems, somewhat asymmetrical, with one or more stems, crown usually ovoid, stem crooked, branches vertically upright, twigs extended, horizontal to slightly lilting, slow to moderate growth, 20-40 cm a year.
Flowers
Monoecious, few conspicuous, yellow catkins during shooting in May.
Fruits
Inconspicuous.
Leaves
Elliptical, dark green, yellow-brown in October, occasionally yellow-orange or green-yellow, often persistent and brown into spring.
Roots
Intense, dense cordate root system, sensitive to compaction and floods.
Demands
Sun to shade, cool to warm areas, tolerates heat if soil is moist enough, frost hardy, tolerant of urban pollution, wind resistant.
Soil
Moderately dry to fresh; on all soil that is not too poor, sensitive to salt..
Note
Takes very well to cutting; traditional plant for historic gardens.
Though the common hornbeam is widely used as a typical hedge, it has much potential for design due to its excellent tolerance of cutting. Its ability to regenerate is especially great.
Hardiness
Zone 5b
Also see chapter on topiary plants

Overview of varieties of Carpinus betulus

Variety Habit Size in m
H: Height
W: Width
'Columnaris' Initially columnar, gradually broadly ovoid to almost round, unusually dense twigs, vertically upright; stays more slender than C. betulus 'Fastigiata', slow-growing;
H: 8-12
W: 6-10
'Fastigiata'
Initially stiffly columnar, gradually broadly conical to broadly ovoid, twigs upright like a fan, moderately fast-growing H: 10-15 (20)
W: 6-12
'Fastigiata Monument' (=C. Monumentalis) Compactly columnar, extremely slow growth, squat H: 4-6
W: 1,2-1,5
'Frans Fontaine' Slender, columnar, slenderly ovoid,
slow-growing, columnar habit 		H: ca. 5-8
W: 3-4
'Quercifolia' Initially conical, later domed, ovoid crown; conspicuous with its leaves lobed like oak leaves H: 15-25
W: 6-10
Höhe, Breite, Stammumfang cm 1 Stück in Euro ab 10 Stück in Euro ab 50 Stück in Euro
Maidens or whips, 2xtr., rootballed
pruned
80-100
100-125
125-150
150-175
175-200
14,50
24,30
29,50
35,20
43,--
12,80
21,40
26,--
31,--
37,90
11,60
19,40
23,55
28,10
34,30
Maidens or whips, 3xtr., rootballed
pruned
175-200
200-225
225-250
44,20
55,50
61,10
38,90
48,90
53,80
35,30
44,30
Specimen, 3xtr., rootballed
Width 60-100
200-250
250-300
300-350
90,10
128,--
179,--
79,30
113,--
Specimen, 3xtr., wire rootballed
Width 100-150
200-250
250-300
300-350
128,--
178,--
260,--
113,--
157,--
Specimen, 4xtr., wire rootballed
multi-stemmed
Width 150-200
300-350
350-400
400-500
460,--
650,--
889,--
Specimen, 4xtr., wire rootballed
multi-stemmed
Width 200-300
350-400
400-500
500-600
990,--
1450,--
1990,--
Clear stems and feathered trees
3xtr. grown on extra large spacing,
wire rootballed
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
220,--
310,--
410,--
562,--
194,--
273,--
361,--
495,--
Clear stems and feathered trees
4xtr. grown on extra large spacing,
wire rootballed
20-25
789,--
Specimen trees and
Specimen feathered trees
4xtr., grown on extra large spacing
wire rootballed
Height 400-500 cm
Width 150-200 cm
20-25
25-30
889,--
1140,--
Specimen trees and
Specimen feathered trees
5xtr., grown on extra large spacing
wire rootballed
Height 400-500 cm
Width 200-300 cm
25-30
30-35
35-40
1530,--
1960,--
2510,--
Specimen trees and
Specimen feathered trees
5xtr., grown on extra large spacing
wire rootballed
Height 500-700 cm
Width 200-300 cm
30-35
35-40
40-45
2050,--
2770,--
3540,--
Specimen trees and
Specimen feathered trees
6xtr., grown on extra large spacing
wire rootballed
Height 500-700 cm
Width 300-400 cm
40-45
45-50
50-60
60-70
3900,--
5020,--
6150,--
7480,--
Hedging element, 3xtr., wire rootballed
Length 80 cm, Width 60 cm
150
200
250,--
362,50
Hedging element, 4xtr., wire rootballed
Length 80 cm, Width 60 cm
250
300
520,--
745,--
Column, square base, 4xtr., wire rootballed
Width 80-100
200-225
225-250
250-275
275-300
525,--
675,--
870,--
1110,--
Cone, 5xtr., wire rootballed
300-325
325-350
350-375
375-400
785,--
1010,--
1290,--
1650,--
Cone, 6xtr., wire rootballed
400-450
450-500
2400,--
3050,--
Bonsai, 4xtr., wire rootballed
Width 150-200
150-175
175-200
200-250
785,--
1035,--
1380,--
Bonsai, 5xtr., wire rootballed
Width 200-250
175-200
200-250
250-300
1870,--
2320,--
2870,--
Arches, wire rootballed
rund
Width 300
350
2000,--
Arches, wire rootballed
rund
Width 350
350
2700,--
Arches, wire rootballed
rund
Width 400
350
3450,--
Espaliers-Clear stems, wire rootballed
175-200
175-200
1065,--
810,--
Espaliers-Clear stems, 4xtr., wire rootballed
18-20
20-25
1290,--
1650,--
Espaliers-Clear stems, 5xtr., wire rootballed
25-30
30-35
2350,--
3000,--